What Is Stabilization Policy?

Stabilization policy is a strategy enacted by a government or its central bank aimed at maintaining a healthy level of economic growth and minimal price changes. Sustaining a stabilization policy requires monitoring the business cꦦycle and adjusting fiscal policy and monetar💞y policy as needed to control abrupt changes in demand or supply.

Understanding Stabilization Policy

A study by the Brookings Institution notes that the U.S. economy has been in a recession for about one in every seven months since the end of World War II. This cycle is seen as inevitable, but stabilization policy seeks to soften the blow and prevent widespread unemployment.

A stabilization policy seeks to limit erratic swings in the economy's total output, as measured by the nation's gross domestic product (GDP), as well 🍌as controlling surges in inflation or deflation. S🐲tabilization of these factors generally leads to healthy levels of employment.

The term sta🙈bilization policy is also used to describe government action in response to an economic crisis or shock such as a sovereign debt default or a stock market crash. The responses may include emergency actions and reform legislation.

The Roots of Stabilization Policy

Pioneering economist 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:John Maynard Keynes argued that an economy can experience a sharp and sustained period of stagnation without a any kind of natural or automatic 💦rebound 🐬or correction.

Prior, economists had observed that economies grow and contract in a cyclical pattern, with occasional downturns followed by a recovery and return to growth. Keynes disputed such theories that a process of economy recovery should normally be expected after a 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:recession. He argued that the fear and uncertainty that consumers, investors, and businesses face could induce a prolonged period of reduced consum🔯er spending, sluggish business investment, and elevated unemployment whi🦹ch would all reinforce one another in a vicious circle.

To stop the cycle, Keynes argued, requires changes in policy in order to manipulate aggregate demand. He, and the Keynesian economists who followed, also argued that an inverse policy could be used to fight off excessive inflation during periods of optimism and economic growth. In Keynesian stabilization policy, demand is stimulated to counter high levels of unemployment and it is suppressed to counter rising inflation. The two main tools in use today to increase or decrease demand are to lower or raise interest rates for borrowing or to increase of decrease government spending. These are known as 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:monetary policy and 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:fiscal policy, respectively.

The Future of Stabilization Policy

Most modern economies have stabilization policies, with much of the work being done by central banking authorities such as the U.S. Federal Reserve. Stabilization policy is widely credited with the moderate but positive rates of GDP growth seen in the U.S. since the early 1980s. It involves using 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:expansionary monetary and fiscal policy during recessions and 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:contractionary policy during periods of excessive optimism or rising inflation. This means lowering interest rates, cutting taxes, and increasing deficit spending during economic downturns, and raising interest rates, rising taxes, and reducing government deficit s❀pending during better times.

Many economists now believe that maint🅠aining a steady pace of econ🎃omic growth and keeping prices steady are essential for long-term prosperity, particularly as economies become more complex and advanced. Extreme volatility in any of those variables can lead to unforeseen consequences to the broad economy.

The Bottom Line

Stabilization policy refers to government strategy designed to keep economic growth steady. Typically, stabilization policy is put in place by lawmakers and central banks, which enact a combination of fiscal an🎃d monetary measures. In other words, stabilization policy is designed to prevent the economy from extrem♏e swings in growth or contraction.