What Is a Down-and-Out Option?

A down-and-out option is a type of exotic option known as a barrier option. These options define the payout conditions based on whether the price falls enough from the strike price to reach a designated barrier price. What happens at the barrier price depends on what kind of barrier option it is, eithe♓r knock-in or knock-out.

Understanding Down-and-Out Options

Considered an 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:exotic option, a down-and-out option is one of two types of 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:knock-out barrier options, the other being an up-and-out option. Both kinds com𝓰e in the put and call varieties. A barrier option is a type of option where the payoff and the very existence of the option depend on whether or not the underlying asset reaches🐟 a predetermined price.

A barrier option can be a knock-out or a knock-in. A knock-out means it expires worthless if the underlying reaches a certain price, limiting profits for the holder and limiting losses for the writer. The barrier option can also be a knock-in. As a knock-in, it has no value until the underlying reachesꦗ a certain price.

The critical concept is if the 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:underlying asset reaches the barrier at any time during the option's life, the option is knocked out, or terminated, and will not come back into existence. It does 𝓰not matter if the underlying moves back to pre-knock-out levels.

For example, a down-and-out option has a 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:strike price of 100 and a knock-out (barrier) price of 80. At the option's inception, the price of the stock was 95, but before the option was exercisable, the price of the stock reached 80. This valuation means the option automatically expires worthless even if the underlying hits 100 before the 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:expiration date.

A down-and-out option can be a call or put. Both get knocked out if the underlying falls to the barrier price. For an 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:up-and-out option, if the underlying rises to the barrier price, then the option ceases to exist. Both calls and puts cease to exist if the underlying rises to itsꦯ barrier price.

Using Down-and-Out Options

Large institutions or 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:market markers create these options by direct agreement, for the primary reason that valuing them is a complex undertaking. For example, a portfolio manager can use them as a less expensive method to hedge against losses on a long position. The hedge would be 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:less costly than buying 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:vanilla put options. However, it would be imperfect since the buyer would be unprotected if the security price dᩚᩚᩚᩚᩚᩚ⁤⁤⁤⁤ᩚ⁤⁤⁤⁤ᩚ⁤⁤⁤⁤ᩚ𒀱ᩚᩚᩚecreased below the barrier price.

Pricing depends on all the typical options metrics with the knock-out feature adding an extra dimension. 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:European style expiration means the exercise may only happen at the expiration date. The alternative would be an 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:American-style option, wher𓄧e the holder may exercise the option at any time on or before expiration.