What Is the Business Judgment Rule?

The Business Judgment Rule is a legal doctrine that helps to guard a corporation's board of directors (B of D) against frivolous legal allegations about the way it conducts business. A legal staple in 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:common law countries, the rule states that boards are presumed to act in "good faith"—that is, within the 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:fiduciary standards of loya༒lty, prudence, and care directors owe to stakeholders. Absent eviden𒁃ce that the board has blatantly violated some rule of conduct, the courts will not review or question its decisions.

Fiduciary standards include the "澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:duty of care" and the "澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:duty of loyalty." The first is an obligation to act on an informed basis. The second requires directors to put the interests of the corporation and over their own self-inter🧸est or the interests of others.

Understanding the Business Judgment Rule

The business judgment rule acknowledges that the daily operation of a business, as well as its long-term strategy, requires making controversial decisions or taking actions that put the company at ri🌃sk. All business decisions are to some extent risky, whether they involve starting a new line of business or buyinꦐg another company. Generally speaking, higher profits require taking greater risks.

The principle underlying the rule is that the B of D should be allowed to make such decisions without fear of prosecution by 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:shareholders who might object. The rule assumes that it is unreasonable to expect managers to make optimal decisions all the time. As loᩚᩚᩚᩚᩚᩚ⁤⁤⁤⁤ᩚ⁤⁤⁤⁤ᩚ⁤⁤⁤⁤ᩚ𒀱ᩚᩚᩚng as a court believes that directors are acting r📖ationally and in good faith, it will take no action against them.

The Business Judgment Rule is a judicial doctrine arising from United States Courts' respect for corporate self-governance. This doctrine creates a presumption of good faith business judgments of corporate management, and shifts the burden to the accuser to demonstrate that a decision at issue falls into any of the below limits and exceptions.

Exemptions to the Business Judgment Rule

There are certain instances in which director decisions can end up in the courts. For example, a director sells a company asset to a family member for an unjustifiably low price. This would be an example of 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:self-dealing that♐ the rule wo🔯uld not insulate from prosecution.

In order to challenge the presumption that is the heart of the rule, plaintiffs must show evidence that directors have acted in bad faith. This might include engaging in fraud, committing a breach of trust or creating a 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:conflict of interest, abdicating corporate responsibility, or failing to investigate unethical corporate behavior that is obvious w🐎hen committed.

The Rule thus does not apply in cases 🅘where the🧸 board of directors:

1. Committed fraud
2. Corporate waste
3. Engaged in self dealing
4. Made decisions affected by a conflict of interest
5. Acted in bad faith or with a corrupt motive
6. Breached their duty of care by a grossly negligent process that includes the failure to consider all material facts reasonably available

The sixth is the most common form of attack under the Rule, as shareholders can argue that the board has๊ made a decision where they remained uninformed.

Example of the Business Judgment Rule

Say that XYZ Company's board is considering shutting down a particular product line. 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:Profit margins on the product have been shrinking and the product is becoming extremely costly and eating into r🤡evenues from other business lines.

The board decides that discontinuing the product would free 🎉up resources necessary to focus on more profitable areas. In this case, the business judgment rule protects directors from prosecution by shareholders who disagree with their decision or who are adversely affected by it.